The Scoop on Adoption
If you or your loved one is considering adoption, we want to empower you with the knowledge and information you need on this journey.
The Scoop on Adoption FAQs
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Adoption is the legal process by which a person or couple becomes the legal parent(s) of a child who is not biologically their own.
Key points include:
Types: Domestic, international, foster care, and kinship adoptions
Process: Home studies, background checks, and legal proceedings
Open vs. closed adoptions: Varying levels of contact between birth and adoptive families
Challenges: Potential emotional and identity issues for adoptees
Benefits: Provides loving homes for children and fulfills parents' desire to raise a child
Legal aspects: Termination of birth parents' rights and transfer to adoptive parents
Support: Post-adoption services and counseling are often available
Adoption can be a rewarding way to build families and provide children with stable, loving homes. However, it also involves complex emotional and legal considerations for all parties involved.
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There are several different types of adoptions for families to consider. Through education and meeting with adoption professionals you will find the option that is best for you and your family.
Domestic Adoption: This involves adopting a child within the same country as the adoptive parents. Example: A couple in California adopts a newborn from birth parents in Texas.
Details:
Can be arranged through an agency or independently
May involve infants or older children
Often allows for some level of openness between birth and adoptive families
Typically less expensive and complex than international adoption
International Adoption: Adopting a child from a different country than the adoptive parents. Example: A family in the United States adopts a 3-year-old child from an orphanage in China.
Details:
Involves immigration processes and compliance with both countries' laws
Children are often older and may have spent time in orphanages
Can be more expensive and time-consuming than domestic adoption
May present unique cultural and language challenges
Foster Care Adoption: Adopting a child from the foster care system. Example: A couple becomes foster parents to siblings aged 5 and 7, and later adopts them.
Details:
Children are often older or part of sibling groups
May involve children with trauma or special needs
Usually less expensive, with potential for state subsidies
Can start as fostering and transition to adoption
Kinship Adoption: Adopting a relative's child. Example: Grandparents adopt their daughter's child when she's unable to parent.
Details:
Maintains family connections for the child
May be less formal in some cases
Can involve complex family dynamics
Often occurs in cases of parental death, incarceration, or substance abuse issues
Stepparent Adoption: A stepparent legally adopts their spouse's child. Example: A woman marries a man with a 10-year-old son and legally adopts him.
Details:
Requires consent of both biological parents (unless parental rights have been terminated)
Legally establishes the stepparent as a full parent
Can provide emotional security for the child
Embryo Adoption: Adopting frozen embryos from another couple's IVF process. Example: A couple unable to conceive adopts embryos and the woman carries the pregnancy.
Details:
Allows adoptive mother to experience pregnancy and childbirth
Less common and may have different legal processes than other forms of adoption
Can involve open or closed arrangements with genetic parents
Each type of adoption has its own unique processes, challenges, and benefits. The choice often depends on the adoptive parents' preferences, circumstances, and the available children in need of homes.
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The adoption process for individuals in the military community is like that for civilians but with some additional considerations and potential benefits. Here's an overview of the process tailored to military families:
Standard adoption steps: Military families follow the same basic steps as civilians (home study, matching, placement, etc.)
Military-specific considerations:
Deployment schedules and potential relocations
Ability to provide stable home environment despite frequent moves
Impact of military lifestyle on child's adjustment
Home study adaptations:
May involve multiple agencies if relocated during process
Social workers familiar with military life often preferred
Virtual home visits sometimes allowed if deployed
Agency selection:
Choose agencies experienced with military families
Consider agencies near current and potential future duty stations
Financial assistance:
Military Adoption Reimbursement Program (up to $2,000 per child, $5,000 per year)
Federal Adoption Tax Credit (available to both military and civilian families)
Leave policies:
Military Parental Leave Program: Up to 21 days of non-chargeable leave for adoptive parents
Additional leave may be granted at commander's discretion
Healthcare:
Adopted children eligible for TRICARE immediately upon placement
Support services:
Military OneSource offers adoption consultations and resources
New Parent Support Program available on many bases
International adoptions:
May require additional planning due to overseas assignments
Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA) can affect adoption processes in host countries
Post-adoption:
Ensure adopted child is enrolled in DEERS (Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System)
Update family care plan to include adopted child
Continuous communication:
Keep chain of command informed throughout the process
Discuss potential impacts on service obligations and assignments
Relocation considerations:
If PCS (Permanent Change of Station) occurs during adoption, coordinate with agencies and legal professionals in both locations
Some agencies specialize in helping military families complete adoptions across state lines
Military families often find that their lifestyle can be both a challenge and an advantage in the adoption process. While frequent moves may complicate matters, the stability of employment, healthcare, and support systems can be viewed favorably by adoption professionals.
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Open Adoptions in Military Families:
Communication challenges:
Deployments and relocations can affect regular contact schedules
Virtual communication (video calls, emails) becomes crucial
Flexibility:
Agreements often need to be more flexible to accommodate military life
May include provisions for periods of limited contact during deployments
Geographic considerations:
Frequent moves can impact in-person visits
Birth families may need to be open to long-distance relationships
Security concerns:
Families may need to balance openness with operational security
Some information about locations or deployments may be restricted
Support systems:
Military Family Support Centers can offer resources for managing open adoptions
Family Readiness Groups may provide additional support
Legal aspects:
Open adoption agreements may need to consider military-specific scenarios
Some states have military-friendly adoption laws that can affect openness
Closed Adoptions in Military Families:
Potential benefits:
May simplify things for families dealing with frequent moves and deployments
Can provide clear boundaries during times of transition
Record keeping:
Military families need to ensure important adoption documents are always accessible
Digital copies and multiple physical copies are often maintained
Information sharing:
Even in closed adoptions, non-identifying medical information is usually provided
Military families should ensure this information is incorporated into military health records
Future considerations:
Families may need to plan for how to handle potential future contact requests
Some adoptees may seek information when they reach adulthood
Considerations for Both Open and Closed Adoptions:
Cultural sensitivity:
Military families adopting internationally need to consider how to maintain cultural connections
This can be challenging in closed adoptions but is often part of open adoption agreements
Support services:
Military OneSource offers adoption consultations that can help families navigate open or closed adoption choices
Many bases have support groups for adoptive families
Deployment planning:
Families need to consider how deployments will affect adoption arrangements
May require designated caregivers who can facilitate open adoption contact in parents' absence
Permanency planning:
Military families often create detailed family care plans, which should include provisions for adopted children
These plans should consider the level of openness in the adoption
Education and training:
Many military installations offer adoption education that covers open and closed adoptions
Online resources are available for military families to learn about different adoption arrangements
Adaptability:
Military families are often skilled at adapting to change, which can be beneficial in managing evolving adoption relationships
Community support:
Military communities often have a strong support network that can help families navigate adoption challenges
This can be particularly helpful for families managing open adoption relationships from a distance
In both open and closed adoptions, military families need to be particularly proactive in planning and communication. The unique aspects of military life, such as frequent moves and deployments, require additional flexibility and forethought in managing adoption relationships. However, many military families find that their adaptability and strong support systems make them well-equipped to handle the challenges of either open or closed adoptions.
Deeper Things to Think About
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Military families face unique challenges when considering and proceeding with adoption, whether open or closed. Here's a detailed elaboration of these challenges:
1. Frequent Relocations:
Open Adoption:
Disrupts established visitation schedules with birth families
Requires constant renegotiation of contact arrangements
May strain relationships if in-person meetings become infrequent
Closed Adoption:
Can complicate maintaining anonymity if relocating to a small community
May lead to accidental contact in closed adoptions if moving to birth family's area
Both:
Challenges in maintaining consistent post-adoption support services
Difficulty in establishing long-term relationships with adoption professionals
2. Deployments:
Open Adoption:
Interrupts regular communication with birth families
May cause emotional stress for birth parents worried about adoptive parent's safety
Requires planning for maintaining contact during absence
Closed Adoption:
Can complicate record-keeping and access to important documents
May raise questions from the child that are harder to address in a parent's absence
Both:
Stress on the family unit, potentially affecting the adopted child's adjustment
Need for robust support systems during parental absence
3. Legal Complexities:
Open Adoption:
Navigating different state laws on open adoption agreements when relocating
Ensuring continuity of legally binding open adoption contracts across jurisdictions
Closed Adoption:
Managing sealed records across different state systems
Dealing with varying state laws on adult adoptee access to records
Both:
Coordinating with multiple agencies and legal systems during the adoption process
Navigating international adoption laws for overseas military families
4. Financial Considerations:
Open Adoption:
Potential increased costs for facilitating long-distance visits or communication
Expenses related to maintaining open adoption agreements across moves
Closed Adoption:
Costs associated with sealed record management and potential future searches
Both:
Balancing adoption expenses with military pay and benefits
Navigating reimbursement programs and tax credits while dealing with deployments
5. Cultural and Identity Issues:
Open Adoption:
Maintaining cultural connections with birth families despite geographic distance
Balancing military culture with birth family culture
Closed Adoption:
Challenges in helping the child connect with their cultural heritage without birth family contact
Addressing identity questions with limited information
Both:
Integrating the child's background with the diverse military community
Helping the child navigate multiple identities (adoptee, military child, cultural background)
6. Communication Challenges:
Open Adoption:
Maintaining consistent communication during training, exercises, or combat deployments
Navigating time zone differences for international open adoptions
Closed Adoption:
Explaining the lack of birth family information during deployments or high-stress periods
Both:
Balancing operational security with adoption-related communication needs
Maintaining family bonds and addressing adoption-related questions during separations
7. Emotional and Psychological Impacts:
Open Adoption:
Managing complex emotions and relationships across distance
Potential stress from birth family's concerns about military lifestyle
Closed Adoption:
Dealing with adopted child's questions about origins during high-stress military periods
Potential for unresolved grief or curiosity without birth family contact
Both:
Impact of military-related stress and trauma on family dynamics
Balancing military duties with the emotional needs of an adopted child
8. Support System Challenges:
Open Adoption:
Difficulty in maintaining consistent support for open adoption relationships
Navigating changing support systems with each relocation
Closed Adoption:
Finding adoption-competent support services in new locations
Maintaining privacy in close-knit military communities
Both:
Rebuilding support networks with each move
Accessing specialized adoption support services in remote duty stations
9. Long-term Planning:
Open Adoption:
Uncertainty in long-term ability to maintain open adoption agreements
Planning for contact maintenance post-military service
Closed Adoption:
Preparing for potential future contact or information requests
Managing long-term record keeping through military transitions
Both:
Balancing military career decisions with adopted child's needs
Planning for post-military life and its impact on the adoption arrangement
10. Unique Military Lifestyle Factors:
Open Adoption:
Explaining the military lifestyle to birth families unfamiliar with its demands
Managing birth family expectations during high-ops tempo periods
Closed Adoption:
Addressing adopted child's questions about their background in the context of a transient lifestyle
Both:
Helping the child adapt to frequent changes while processing their adoption story
Balancing the structured military environment with the emotional aspects of adoption
These challenges require military families to be exceptionally flexible, communicative, and proactive in their approach to adoption. While the military lifestyle can complicate both open and closed adoptions, many families find that the resilience and adaptability fostered by military life can be significant assets in navigating the adoption journey.
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While military families face unique challenges in adoption, there are also significant benefits to adoption for these families. Here's a detailed elaboration of these benefits:
1. Financial Support and Benefits:
Military Adoption Reimbursement Program: Up to $2,000 per child, $5,000 per year
Federal Adoption Tax Credit: Available to military families like civilians
Healthcare: Immediate TRICARE coverage for adopted children
Housing allowances: Often increase with family size
Education benefits: Potential transfer of GI Bill benefits to adopted children
2. Stable Employment and Income:
Guaranteed income: Provides financial stability during the adoption process
Job security: Reduces concerns about employment affecting adoption eligibility
3. Strong Support Systems:
Military Family Support Centers: Offer resources and counseling
Family Readiness Groups: Provide community support
New Parent Support Program: Available on many bases
Military OneSource: Offers adoption consultations and resources
4. Healthcare Benefits:
Comprehensive medical coverage for adopted children
Access to military hospitals and clinics worldwide
Continuity of care despite relocations
5. Global Perspective and Cultural Awareness:
Experience with diverse cultures: Beneficial for international adoptions
Exposure to various communities: Helps in raising culturally aware children
Language skills: Can be an asset in international adoptions
6. Housing and Relocation Assistance:
Base housing or housing allowances: Ensures stable living conditions
Relocation assistance: Helps with moves, which can be frequent in adoption processes
7. Structured Environment:
Disciplined lifestyle: Can provide stability for children from difficult backgrounds
Clear routines and expectations: Beneficial for children adjusting to new families
8. Education Benefits:
Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) schools: Often high-quality education
Support for special needs: Many military schools are equipped for diverse learning needs
9. Community and Belonging:
Strong sense of community on military bases
Shared experiences with other military adoptive families
A built-in support network that understands unique challenges
10. Adaptability and Resilience:
Military lifestyle fosters flexibility: Useful in adapting to new family dynamics
Experience with change: Helpful in managing the uncertainties of adoption
11. Leave Policies:
Military Parental Leave Program: Up to 12 weeks of non-chargeable leave for adoptive parents
Potential for additional leave at commander's discretion
12. Career Development Opportunities:
Skills gained in military (leadership, organization) beneficial for parenting
Potential for stable career progression while growing family
13. Diversity and Inclusion:
The Military's emphasis on diversity aligns well with transracial or transcultural adoptions
Exposure to diverse families and lifestyles on military bases
14. Travel Opportunities:
Potential to maintain connections with child's birth culture through overseas assignments
Broadens family's worldview, beneficial for adopted children's development
15. Legal Assistance:
Access to military legal services: Can assist with adoption paperwork
Familiarity with interstate and international legal issues
16. Character Development:
Military values (integrity, service, excellence) align well with adoptive parenting
Emphasis on responsibility and commitment benefits family stability
17. Childcare Support:
Access to on-base childcare facilities
Often more affordable and flexible than civilian options
18. Long-term Planning:
Military retirement benefits: Provide long-term financial stability for the family
Survivor benefits: Ensure adopted children are cared for in case of service-related death
19. Adoption-Friendly Policies:
Many branches of the military have specific policies supporting adoption
Recognition of adoption as equal to biological parenthood in terms of benefits
20. Sense of Purpose:
Military service combined with adoption can provide a strong sense of purpose and contribution
Opportunity to provide a loving home while serving one's country
While the military lifestyle comes with its challenges, these benefits can make adoption a rewarding and feasible option for many service members. The combination of financial support, comprehensive benefits, strong community, and global perspective can create a uniquely positive environment for adoptive families. Military families often find that their lifestyle, while demanding, equips them with many of the skills and resources needed to successfully navigate the adoption process and provide a loving, stable home for children in need.
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The legal aspects of adoption for active duty military families and National Guard or Reserve families share some similarities but also have distinct considerations. Let's elaborate on both:
Active Duty Military Families:
1. Federal Laws and Policies:
Military Parental Leave Program: Up to 12 weeks of non-chargeable leave for adoptive parents
Service members Civil Relief Act (SCRA): Provides legal protections during adoption processes
2. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC):
Crucial for families adopting across state lines
Military families may need to navigate this more often due to relocations
3. Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA):
Affects adoptions for families stationed overseas
May impact the ability to adopt in host countries
4. Military Family Act:
Ensures equal treatment of adopted children in terms of benefits and allowances
5. Deployment Considerations:
Family Care Plans: Legal requirement to establish care for adopted children during deployment
Power of Attorney: May be necessary for spouse to complete adoption during deployment
6. Overseas Adoptions:
Compliance with both U.S. and foreign adoption laws
Coordination with military legal services and U.S. embassies
7. Relocation Impact:
Need for flexible adoption arrangements that can accommodate Permanent Change of Station (PCS) moves
Potential need for multiple home studies if relocating during the process
8. Military-Specific Adoption Benefits:
Legal right to adoption reimbursement programs
Entitlement to military healthcare for adopted children
National Guard or Reserve Families:
1. Dual Status Considerations:
Laws may apply differently depending on current duty status (active or inactive)
Need to consider both military and civilian legal aspects
2. Activation and Deployment:
Impact on ongoing adoption processes if called to active duty
Legal preparations for potential mid-adoption activation
3. State Variations:
Guard and Reserve members may deal more with state-specific adoption laws
Potential for greater variability in legal processes and requirements
4. Benefits Eligibility:
May have different eligibility criteria for military adoption benefits
Need to navigate both military and civilian benefit systems
5. Family Care Plans:
Required for single parents and dual-military couples, but recommended for all
Must address both short-term activations and potential long-term deployments
6. Employment Protections:
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) may provide some protections during adoption processes
7. Leave Policies:
May differ from active duty, potentially combining military and civilian leave options
Common Legal Aspects for Both:
1. Home Study Requirements:
May need to be flexible and accommodate military lifestyle
Potential for expedited or military-specific processes in some jurisdictions
2. Adoption Tax Credit:
Available to both active and reserve components
Need to navigate tax implications, which may vary based on duty status
3. Consent and Termination of Parental Rights:
Military status doesn't typically affect these processes, but deployment might impact timelines
4. Post-Adoption Requirements:
Compliance with post-placement visits and reports, which may need to be coordinated with military duties
5. Open Adoption Agreements:
Need to consider potential impacts of military lifestyle on maintaining agreements
6. Special Needs Adoptions:
Access to military healthcare systems can be a significant factor
Need to consider long-term care plans in light of military career
7. International Adoptions:
Compliance with Hague Convention requirements
Coordination with Department of State for overseas adoptions
8. Legal Documentation:
Importance of maintaining multiple copies of all adoption-related legal documents
Ensuring accessibility of documents during deployments or relocations
9. Military Legal Assistance:
Access to military legal services for adoption-related advice and document review
Limitations on direct representation in adoption proceedings
10. Citizenship and Immigration:
Expedited naturalization processes for adopted children of service members
Special considerations for adoptions by non-U.S. citizen service members
Both active duty and Guard/Reserve families need to be proactive in understanding and navigating these legal aspects. It's often beneficial to work with adoption attorneys familiar with military family dynamics. The unique aspects of military life can add complexity to the adoption process, but many legal frameworks are in place to support and facilitate adoptions by service members across all components of the military.
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Deciding when to move forward with adoption is a highly personal decision that varies for each family. However, there are several common signs and factors that may indicate you're ready to take this significant step. Here are some key considerations:
1. Emotional Readiness:
You've processed any grief related to infertility (if applicable)
You feel genuinely excited about adoption, not just as a "last resort"
You're prepared for the emotional challenges of the adoption process
2. Relationship Stability:
If partnered, both of you are equally committed to adoption
Your relationship is strong and can withstand the stresses of the adoption process
3. Financial Preparedness:
You've assessed the costs associated with adoption and have a plan to manage them
You've researched and understand military adoption benefits and reimbursements
4. Life Stability:
You feel settled in your career (as much as possible in military life)
You're prepared to balance adoption with military obligations
5. Support System:
You have a strong support network of family, friends, or community
You've identified military-specific support resources
6. Education and Research:
You've thoroughly researched adoption types, processes, and challenges
You've attended adoption information sessions or workshops
7. Home and Lifestyle:
Your living situation can accommodate a child
You've considered how adoption fits into your military lifestyle
8. Time and Energy:
You have the time and energy to devote to the adoption process and parenting
You've considered how to manage this with potential deployments or relocations
9. Openness to a Child's Needs:
You're prepared to parent a child who may have experienced trauma or loss
You're open to learning about and honoring your child's background and culture
10. Legal and Ethical Comfort:
You're comfortable with the legal aspects of adoption
You feel ethically aligned with the adoption process
11. Military-Specific Readiness:
You've considered how adoption timing aligns with your military career
You've discussed adoption plans with your command
12. Healthcare Considerations:
You've explored how TRICARE will support your adopted child's needs
You're prepared to navigate both military and civilian healthcare systems if needed
13. Gut Feeling:
You have a strong, persistent desire to adopt
The idea of adoption feels "right" for your family
14. Flexibility and Patience:
You're prepared for a potentially long and unpredictable process
You can be flexible with timelines, considering potential military disruptions
15. Cultural Competence:
You're committed to learning about and respecting your child's cultural background
You've considered how to navigate potential transracial adoption challenges
16. Post-Adoption Vision:
You have a clear vision of your family life post-adoption
You've considered long-term implications, including potential open adoption arrangements
Remember, there's no perfect time to adopt, and it's normal to have some doubts or fears. However, if you find yourself consistently coming back to the idea of adoption, have addressed most of these considerations, and feel a sense of readiness despite the unknowns, it might be time to move forward.
It's also helpful to speak with adoption professionals, counselors familiar with military life, and other military families who have adopted. They can provide valuable insights into the unique challenges and joys of adoption within the context of military life. Ultimately, the decision to move forward should feel right for your entire family unit and align with your values, lifestyle, and vision for the future.
Embryo Adoption
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Embryo adoption is a unique process that allows families to experience pregnancy and childbirth with donated embryos when they are unable to create their own biological embryos.
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For military families, the process is similar to civilian families but with some additional considerations. Here are the steps to embryo adoption for military families:
1. Research and Education:
Learn about embryo adoption through resources like Military OneSource
Understand the medical, legal, and emotional aspects of embryo adoption
Consider how military life might impact the process (deployments, relocations, etc.)
2. Choose an Embryo Adoption Program or Clinic:
Look for programs experienced with military families
Consider programs that offer long-distance coordination
Examples: Nightlight Christian Adoptions' Snowflakes Program, National Embryo Donation Center
3. Application and Screening:
Complete the program's application
Undergo medical screening to ensure the ability to carry a pregnancy
Provide military documentation (e.g., leave availability, deployment schedules)
4. Home Study:
Similar to traditional adoption home studies
May need to work with a home study provider familiar with military life
Prepare for potential virtual home visits if stationed overseas
5. Matching Process:
Review profiles of available embryos
Consider open vs. closed embryo adoption arrangements
Discuss how military relocations might affect future contact with genetic family
6. Legal Contracts:
Work with a lawyer familiar with both embryo adoption and military family law
Ensure contracts consider military-specific scenarios (e.g., deployment during pregnancy)
7. Medical Preparations:
Coordinate with military healthcare providers and civilian fertility clinics
Plan for potential travel to the embryo transfer clinic
Arrange for necessary medications and treatments through TRICARE or civilian providers
8. Embryo Transfer:
Schedule the transfer procedure around military obligations
Arrange for leave or accommodations for the transfer and initial recovery period
9. Pregnancy and Birth:
Utilize military healthcare benefits for prenatal care and delivery
Update command about pregnancy status and any duty modifications needed
10. Post-Birth Legal Procedures:
File for parental rights according to state laws
Update military records to include the new child (DEERS enrollment, etc.)
11. Post-Adoption Support:
Access military family support services
Consider joining military-specific embryo adoption support groups
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1. TRICARE Coverage:
Understand what fertility treatments and pregnancy care are covered
May need to coordinate between military and civilian healthcare systems
2. Deployment and Training:
Plan around known deployment schedules or training exercises
Develop contingency plans for unexpected military obligations
3. PCS Moves:
Discuss how potential relocations might affect the embryo adoption process
Ensure all documentation is easily transportable and accessible
4. Command Notification:
Keep command informed of the process, especially regarding medical appointments and procedures
5. Financial Planning:
Research military-specific grants or loans for family building
Understand how BAH (Basic Allowance for Housing) might change with family size
6. International Considerations:
If stationed overseas, understand how local laws might affect the embryo adoption process
Plan for potential travel back to the U.S. for procedures if necessary
7. Family Care Plan:
Update or create a Family Care Plan to include the potential new child
8. Support Network:
Utilize military family readiness groups and chaplain services for emotional support
Connect with other military families who have gone through embryo adoption
9. Long-term Planning:
Consider how military career decisions might be affected by family expansion
Plan for potential future contact with genetic family in light of military lifestyle
Embryo adoption can be a complex but rewarding path to parenthood for military families. The key is to work with providers who understand the unique aspects of military life and to maintain open communication with command and healthcare providers throughout the process. Military families should also be prepared for flexibility, as the nature of military service may require adjustments to the typical embryo adoption timeline.
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Department of Defense. (2022). Military Family Readiness Policy - Department of Defense Instruction 1342.22. https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/134222p.pdf
Military OneSource. (2023). Adoption: The Basics. https://www.militaryonesource.mil/family-relationships/parenting-and-children/adoption/adoption-the-basics/
National Military Family Association. (2023). Adoption and the Military. https://www.militaryfamily.org/info-resources/adoption/
U.S. Department of State - Bureau of Consular Affairs. (2023). Intercountry Adoption. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/Intercountry-Adoption.html
TRICARE. (2023). Adoption Support. https://www.tricare.mil/CoveredServices/IsItCovered/AdoptionSupport
U.S. Army. (2023). Adoption Assistance. https://myarmybenefits.us.army.mil/Benefit-Library/Federal-Benefits/Adoption-Assistance
U.S. Navy. (2023). Navy Adoption Reimbursement Program. https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Support-Services/Family/Adoption/
U.S. Air Force. (2023). Air Force Personnel Center: Adoption. https://www.afpc.af.mil/Benefits-and-Entitlements/Adoption/
U.S. Marine Corps. (2023). Marine Corps Community Services: Adoption Resources. https://www.mccsmcrd.com/marine-family-programs/children-youth-teen-program/adoption-resources
National Guard Bureau. (2023). Family Programs. https://www.nationalguard.mil/family-programs/
U.S. Coast Guard. (2023). Work-Life Staff: Adoption Reimbursement. https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/Our-Organization/Assistant-Commandant-for-Human-Resources-CG-1/Health-Safety-and-Work-Life-CG-11/Office-of-Work-Life-CG-111/Adoption-Reimbursement/
Adoption Network Law Center. (2023). Military Adoption. https://adoptionnetwork.com/military-adoption/
North American Council on Adoptable Children. (2023). Military Families and Adoption. https://www.nacac.org/resource/military-families-and-adoption/
Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2023). Military Families Considering Adoption. https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/adoption/adoptive/who-can-adopt/military/
American Bar Association. (2023). Military Pro Bono Project: Adoption. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_services/milvets/aba_home_front/information/family_law/adoption/
National Embryo Donation Center. (2023). Embryo Adoption. https://www.embryodonation.org/
Nightlight Christian Adoptions. (2023). Snowflakes Embryo Adoption Program. https://nightlight.org/snowflakes-embryo-adoption-donation/
American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2023). Third-party Reproduction. https://www.reproductivefacts.org/topics/topics-index/third-party-reproduction/
Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption. (2023). Adoption Resources. https://www.davethomasfoundation.org/adoption-resources/
AdoptUSKids. (2023). Military Families. https://www.adoptuskids.org/adoption-and-foster-care/overview/who-can-adopt-foster/military-families
Please note that while these references are typically reliable sources for information on military adoptions, policies and procedures can change. It's always advisable to consult directly with your branch's family services, legal advisors, and accredited adoption professionals for the most current and applicable information for your specific situation.